Plant Cell Culture and Applications (Class XII) 2 marks questions

 

1. Execute the engineered biosynthetic pathway which leads to the production of valuable secondary metabolites for their overproduction.
2. Weeds compete with crop plants for nutrients, water etc. and are responsible for significant reduction in crop yields. As a biotechnologist, suggest a way to overcome this problem.
3. How is callus tissue generated? How is this tissue useful?
4. Differentiate between in-vivo and in-vitro gene banks.
5. Differentiate between somaclonal variations and gametoclonal variations.
6. What is an artificial seed?
7. What are round up ready crops? how they are made?
8. A farmer wants to produce hybrid of mustard plants in his field. As a biotechnologist, what would you suggest to him to ensure successful pollination or fertilization?
9. What are edible vaccines? How are they better than conventional vaccines?
10. Suggest any two applications of plant cell culture technique?
11. Somatic hybrids and cybrids are produced by a technique of plant biotechnology. Identify this technique and explain by citing two examples of plants.
12. Interspecific cross leads to formation of sterile seeds. What could be the reasons for the same and how can the embryo rescue be achieved?
13. Which future vaccine holds promise of bypassing the need to visit the doctor regularly for childhood immunization? How they works?
14. It is difficult to raise hybrids which are interspecific and intergeneric. Why? How can these types of hybrids be obtained?
15. Environmentalists advocate the disuse of chemical insecticides. Suggest an alternative way to improve crop yields.
16. Differentiate between primary metabolite and secondary metabolite . Name two secondary metabolite obtained through tissue culture and their application.
17. Mention one advantage of obtaining male sterile plants. How can one express barnase specifically in tapetal cells of an anther to obtain such plants? Which other enzymes can be used to restore its fertility?
18. How can you obtain virus free sugarcane plants from virus infected plants? Are these plants virus resistant? Why or why not?
19. Name the plant variations developed by long term callus and suspension culture in plants. How can such variations be used in crop improvement?
20. What is the principal of barnase barstar gene system?
21. (a) What are the benefits of developing insect resistant transgenic plants? (b)Which future vaccine holds promise of by passing the need to visit the doctor regularly for childhood immunization? What are its advantages?
22. The ‘in-vitro’ cultuires of plant cells require several nutrients unlike intact plants. Why? Name two of these nutrients.
23. Why plants produce secondary metabolites?
24. Explain why Bt cotton flowers undergo pollination by butterflies and bees in spite of being insect/pest resistant?
25. What are the uses of callus and protoplast culture?
26. Write various markers used in selection/screening of transgenic plants.
27. Artificial seeds for rapid and mass propagation of elite plant species (as well as hybrid varieties) are essentially the embryo encapsulated in protective chemical which prevents them from desiccating.  Name the protective chemical used to make artificial seeds.
28. When substance X is added to a plant tissue culture medium, it promoted rooting whereas substance Y is added, it promoted shooting. Identify substances X and Y?