(1 Mark Question)
- Why is the nutrient medium autoclaved before using it for culturing microbes?
- What is lyophilization?
- Write a chemical equation for the production of products from the reactants.
- For strain preservation glycerol (10-30%) is added, before microbial cultures are dispensed into sealed ampoules and frozen in liquid nitrogen (-176 to -1960C). What is the role of glycerol here?
- How does heat labile media is sterilized?
- Why the pH of the culture medium is is important? In a large fermenter, how is the pH maintained?
- Name the technique which can measure live microbial cells.
- How is aeration of microbial cultures achieved in laboratory?
- As microbiologist, what factors dictate the choice of your media?
(2 Mark Question)
1. If a culture of Haemophilus contains 105 cells/ml at 4:00a.m. and 1011cells/ml at 4:30p.m., calculate its specific growth rate and doubling time. Which growth phase in this bacterial culture will show maximum specific growth rate?
2. Give two reasons why it is necessary to determine the kinetics of microbial growth. Which method of measuring microbial growth will give the most accurate representation of cell number?
3.Define chemostat and turbidostat.
4.What is the significance of introducing mutations in microbial strains?
5.Why the specific growth rate and doubling time of the organism are important parameters for large scale production process.
6.What are the various datas that are compiled into a techno-economic report to assess the feasibility of the project?
7.Microbes are widespread in natural habitats. How you will isolate the microbe of desired interest?
8.What problems should be considered while expressing the heterologous gene in a microorganism to make it commercial viable?
9.What is the major criterion used in selecting nutrients for large scale culturing?
10.Two laboratories have developed a procedure for downstream processing of an antibiotic. The major difference lies in the number of steps involved. Which one would you prefer and why?
11.In isolating recombinant insulin from E.col, the cells were filtered and the filtrate was subjected to purification protocol. However no insulin was obtained. Why?
12.Indicate four main safety concerns regarding the use of microbial processes in biotechnology.
13.If one wishes to obtain intracellular metabolites, what type of microbial culture technique should be used and why?
14.What is lyophilization? Why are lypholized cultures remain viable for several years?
15.In a culture of E. coli, the cell population increase from 2.0×106 cells/ml to 16 x 106 cells/ml in 30 minutes. What is the generation time of the given culture?
16.In a batch culture of E. coli, specific growth rates of the microbial cells will be maximum at which phase of growth and why?
17.Why is foaming caused during fermentation process? How can this be harmful to the process?
18.Rohan cultured Streptococcus bacteria in his lab to check whether it is gram positive or negative and then he threw the culture directly in dustbin. Is this method of disposal ethically and ecologically safe?
19. In isolating recombinant interferons from a culture of E. coli, the filtrate was subjected to purification processes, but no interferons where obtained. Suggest a possible reason.
20.In a culture of E. coli, the cell population increase from 1.5×106 cells/ml to 12x 106 cells/ml in 36 minutes. What is the generation time of the given culture?
21.How can microbial cultures be exploited for commercial purposes?
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