PROTEIN ENGINEERING (DESIGNING PROTEINS)

1. IMPROVING LAUNDRY DETERGENT SUBTILISIN:

     Already discussed in previous post

2. CREATION OF NOVEL PROTEINS:

The most common side effects after vaccination are mild. They include:

• Pain, swelling, or redness where the shot was given

• Mild fever

• Chills

• Feeling tired

• Headache

• Muscle and joint aches
• Serious side effects from vaccines are extremely rare. For example, if 1 million doses of a vaccine are given, 1 to 2 people may have a severe allergic reaction.

 

         

A recombinant vaccine is a vaccine produced through recombinant DNA technology. This involves inserting the DNA encoding an antigen (such as a bacterial surface protein) that stimulates an immune response into bacterial or mammalian cells, expressing the antigen in these cells and then purifying it from them.

3.IMPROVING NUTRITIONAL VALUES OF CEREALS AND LEGUMES:

Despite their importance, cereals are usually deficient in lysine, threonine and tryptophan, while legumes are deficient in methionine.

BCAAs consist of three essential amino acids:

• Leucine

• Isoleucine

• Valine

Their molecular structure looks like this:

These amino acids are grouped together because they are the only three amino acid to have a chain that branches off to one side.Contrary to most other amino acids, BCAAs are mostly broken down in the muscle, rather than in the liver. Because of this, they are thought to play a role in energy production during exercise.

The carbon skeleton part is used as fuel and nitrogen is used to make alanine which then goes to the liver where it is turned into glucose for energy.
The BV of protein is determined by measuring the amount of N consumed and that excreted