RDT WORKSHEET, CLASS 12

1. An unusual plasmid has been discovered which has high transformation ability in E.coli and confers heat resistance to the host. Hence the host E.coli when transformed with this plasmid can grow at 50 degree celsius. Schematically represent the various steps of coning a foreign gene in this plasmid. How would you screen the transformed E.coli carrying this plasmid?

2.Given the sequence of the two primers (5 nucleotide long)required to amplify the following DNA sequence by PCR:  5'GCACCTAGATCGATCC3'

3. You wish to introduce the human insulin gene into a bacterial host in the hope of producing large amounts of human insulin. Should you use genomicDNA or cDNA? Explain.

4. Explain why the sequence read from the autoradiogram  is complementary to the original sequence?

5. What kind of promoters should be used in expression vectors?

6. How will you select yeast cells transformed with Leu2 gene?

7. Viral vectors are ideal vehicles for transfer of foreign DNA into host cell. Why? Give an example of both plant and animalviral vectors.

8. What are the properties of major enzymes required in dideoxychain termination method?

9. Explain the process of automated DNA sequencing when you got the following sequence from its autoradiogram 5'AGCTATCAG3'

10. Listed below are two different sets of ssDNA of their ds form which one would you expect it to be cleaved by a R.E. and why?
          a.  3'AGCCTTCCGGATGCGC5'
          b.  3'GCTTAAGCTTTCTGCAA3'

WORKSHEET 2, CH 5(CLASS 7)

1. What is the chemical nature of a compound that turns blue litmus red?
2. Give the names of two weak acids.
3. Why do some fruits taste sour?
4. Where is lactic acid found?
5. Name the acid which is found in our body cells.
6. How can you remove the acidity of soil ?
7. Antacid tablets contain............................. which neutralise the excess acid formed in our body.
8. ............is the reaction between acid and base to form salt and water.
9. Bases are............ to taste and acids are ..........to taste.
10 If china rose indicator is added to acidic solution, it turns............ and when added to basic solution, it turns.............
11. Why is factory waste neutralized before disposing it into the water bodies?
12. Blue litmus paper is dipped in a solution. It remains blue. What is the nature of the solution?
13. What is acid rain ? What are its ill effects ?
14. The acid used for preserving food articles is-
      (A) Acetic acid. (B) Tartaric acid. (C) Sulphuric acid. (D) Nitric acid.
15. ..............is known as ascorbic acid which is present in citrus fruits.
       (A) Vitamin D. (B) Vitamin C. (C) Vitamin A. (D) Vitamin K.
16. When a drop of phenolphthalein is introduced in lime water, the solution turns-
       (A) Blue. (B) Red. (C) Milky. (D) Pink.
17. Acid rain is caused due to ...................
        (A) CO2, O2, SO2 (B) CO2, NO2, H2 (C) SO2 N2, O2 (D) CO2, SO2, NO2
18. The industrial waste is ................... in nature.
       (A) Acidic (B) Basic (C) Neutral (D) Both (a) & (b).
19. Milk of magnesia used to treat acidity in stomach, contains this base.
       (A) Magnesium hydroxide. (B) Ammonium hydroxide. (C) Sodium hydroxide. (D) Copper                  hydroxide.
20. In this reaction what are the reactants and the products:
      acid+base----------------salt+water

(5 mark question)
1. Three liquids are given to you. One is hydrochloric acid; another is sodium hydroxide and third is       a sugar solution. How will you indentify them? You have only turmeric indicator.
2. Explain the process of Neutralization. Give an example

Worksheet 1, Ch2, Class 12(Biotech)

1 mark Questions

1. Natural form of subtilisin enzyme is inactivated by bleach in detergents. How?
2. How BCAA are useful for athletes?
3. What are esssential amino acids?
4. What are epitopes?
5. Explain with an example the therapeutic uses of whey protein
6. Which technique did Linus Pauling and G.N. Ramachandran use for studying the 3D shpe of proteins?
7. Name two organophosphates that are used as mosquito repellent.
8. Why sickle cell anemia is co-prevalent in malaria affected areas?
9. How does whey protein causes browning in breads, biscuits etc.
10.Why 2D gel electrophoresis is better than single dimension electrophoresis?


2 Mark Questions

1. Among the bio molecules, why do proteins have maximum diversity in functions?
2. How are H-bonds created in proteins and when are they strongest?
3. Why is sickle cell anemia  called a molecular disease?
4. How is mass spectrometry useful in protein studies? Expand the term MALDI and ESI
5. How are hydrophobic interactions created in protein?
6. Name any four physical/chemical properties of enzyme which might be useful to change by site directed mutagenesis.
7. How are recombinant vaccines safer than conventional vaccines?

3 Mark Questions

1. Describe the important parts of a mass spectrometer with diagrams. Describe its uses in study of proteins.
2. Describe the technique used to identify sickle cell anemia in the laboratory. Who developed this technique?
3. In a variant of chymotrypsin Asp 102 is replaced by Glu 102. Do you expect the enzyme to retain activity? Schematically indicate the role of the amino acid residues participating in catalysis.
4. Subtilisin has been improved by protein engineering to serve as a component of laundry detergent. What are the features of this improvement and how have they been achieved?
5. Monoclonal antibody against CD3 is an effective therapeutic agent in overcoming renal graft rejection. Why?
6. Briefly explain how the serine residue in some enzymes can become acidic. Also suggest how you can confirm that a serine residue is involved in catalysis.
7. Nature has found a useful folding pattern in chymotrypsin. How does it help in hydrolysis?
8. Draw a neat and labelled diagram of MS. If  a protein is having molecular weight 300000Da and charge on that is 3H+, then at what m/z ratio does this protein would be detected out?
9. Explain how charge relay system operates in chymotrypsin. Why is the broad specificity of chymotrypsin advantageous?

5 Mark Questions

1. Name any five protein based products and their uses.
2. What do you understand by the term nutraceutical? Name three sources of nutraceuticals and their uses?
3. Explain structural-function relationship with taking an example of chymotrypsin.
4. Explain O'Farrels technique in detail.

Ch5, Lect 3, Class 7

Solutions of worksheet 1, Ch 5, Class 7

Answer 1:
(a) litmus, lichens
(b) Base
(c) Indicator
(d) Indicator
(e) Acid
(f) Neutral
(g) Natural
(h) produced or evolved
(i) acidic,basic or neutral
(j) Magnesium hydroxide,Sodium bicarbonate
(k) acidic, basic
(l) add acid to water.

Answer 2:
(d) Baking soda

Answer 3:
(d)

Answer 4:
(d)

Answer 5:
(c)

Answer 6:
(c)

Answer 7:
Litmus/china rose/turmeric

Answer 8:
Acid turns red litmus paper into blue and base turns blue litmus into red

Answer 9:
Neutral substances

Answer 10:
citric acid

WORKSHEET 1, CH 5 (CLASS 7)

Question 1
(a) The most commonly used natural indicator is__________________________and is extracted from______________________________
(b) Aqueous solution of baking soda is bitter in taste and feels soapy on touching because it contains______________________________
(c) __________________are used to test whether a substance is acidic or basic in nature.
(d) ____________________change their colour when added to a solution containing an acidic or basic substance.
(e) Lemon juice, orange juice taste sour because they contain_______________________
(f) The solutions which do not change the colour of either blue or red litmus are called ____________________solutions.
(g) Turmeric and litmus are _________ acid-base indicators..
(h) In neutralization reaction heat is always___________________________________.
(i) Salts may be____________________________or_____________________in nature.
(j) Chemically milk of magnesia is______________and baking soda is_______________
(k) China rose indicator turns__________________________solution to dark pink and______________________solution to green
(l) The correct way of making a solution of acid in water is to _________

Question 2
Sodium bicarbonate is commonly called
(a) Lime water
(b) Slaked lime
(c) Washing soda
(d) Baking soda

Question 3
Which of the following statements is correct?
(a) Indicator is a substance that shows different colors in acidic and basic solution.
(b) Turmeric stain on a white shut turns to red when it is washed with soap.
(c) Lime water is a solution of calcium hydroxide.
(d) All the above are correct.

Question 4
Neutralisation reaction is a
(a) physical and reversible change.
(b) physical change that cannot be reversed.
(c) chemical and reversible change.
(d) chemical change that cannot be reversed

Question 5
Which of the following is an acid-base indicator?
(a) Vinegar
(b) Lime water
(c) Turmeric
(d) Baking soda

Question 6
Litmus, a natural dye is an extract of which of the following?
(a) China rose (Gudhal)
(b) Beetroot
(c) Lichen
(d) Blue berries (Jamun)

Question 7
Write the name of two indicators which occur naturally.

Question 8
What is the test for acids and bases using litmus paper?

Question 9
What name is given to those substances which do not change the colour of either red or blue litmus paper?

Question 10
Name the acid present in lemon juice and tomato.

PROTEIN ENGINEERING (DESIGNING PROTEINS)

1. IMPROVING LAUNDRY DETERGENT SUBTILISIN:

     Already discussed in previous post

2. CREATION OF NOVEL PROTEINS:

The most common side effects after vaccination are mild. They include:

• Pain, swelling, or redness where the shot was given

• Mild fever

• Chills

• Feeling tired

• Headache

• Muscle and joint aches
• Serious side effects from vaccines are extremely rare. For example, if 1 million doses of a vaccine are given, 1 to 2 people may have a severe allergic reaction.

 

         

A recombinant vaccine is a vaccine produced through recombinant DNA technology. This involves inserting the DNA encoding an antigen (such as a bacterial surface protein) that stimulates an immune response into bacterial or mammalian cells, expressing the antigen in these cells and then purifying it from them.

3.IMPROVING NUTRITIONAL VALUES OF CEREALS AND LEGUMES:

Despite their importance, cereals are usually deficient in lysine, threonine and tryptophan, while legumes are deficient in methionine.

BCAAs consist of three essential amino acids:

• Leucine

• Isoleucine

• Valine

Their molecular structure looks like this:

These amino acids are grouped together because they are the only three amino acid to have a chain that branches off to one side.Contrary to most other amino acids, BCAAs are mostly broken down in the muscle, rather than in the liver. Because of this, they are thought to play a role in energy production during exercise.

The carbon skeleton part is used as fuel and nitrogen is used to make alanine which then goes to the liver where it is turned into glucose for energy.
The BV of protein is determined by measuring the amount of N consumed and that excreted